Slide Presentation

TITLE    (click title to view slides)
Diversity and Integration: Keys to Surviving in a Palmer World

AUTHOR
Stanley Culpepper
Professor and Extension Weed Specialist
University of Georgia

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TABLE OF CONTENTS
  1. Diversity and Integration: Keys to Surviving in a Palmer World
  2. Topics of Discussion
  3. Palmer Changes Agriculture Forever
  4. Agents: Most troublesome weed
  5. Growers: Pre-plant/PRE herbicides applied Percent (%) of acres treated
  6. Growers: POST herbicides applied Percent (%) of acres treated
  7. Growers herbicide costs
  8. Growth of hand-weeding
  9. Growers: Changes in tillage/planting practices from 2000-2005 to 2006-2010
  10. Diversity and Integration: Keys to Surviving in a Palmer World
  11. RR Reduced Tillage Cotton Systems. 2012.
  12. RR Reduced Tillage Cotton Systems. 2012.
  13. Valor applied broadcast followed by strip till.
  14. RR Reduced Tillage Cotton Systems. 2012.
  15. RR Reduced Tillage Cotton Systems. 2012.
  16. RR Reduced Tillage Cotton Systems. 2012.
  17. Roundup + Warrant applied over AGGRESSIVELY growing LARGE cotton.
  18. RR Reduced Tillage Cotton Systems. 2012.
  19. RR Reduced Tillage Cotton Systems. 2012.
  20. RR Reduced Tillage Cotton Systems. 2012.
  21. Tillage is now a common scene
  22. RR Conventional Tillage Cotton Systems. 2012.
  23. Percent Palmer Amaranth control with Reflex PPI, PRE, or Split Applied at 35 DAT. 2011.
  24. Percent Palmer Control with Reflex + Prowl PPI, 2010. TyTy, GA. 38 DAT.
  25. Cotton injury is a big concern for growers!!
  26. Prowl + Reflex PRE vs Prowl + Reflex PPI - Rototill
  27. Roundup Ready PLUS Cotton Incentive (Up to $22)
  28. Impact of GR Palmer amaranth on GA.
  29. Making the most of your Liberty!
  30. MOST IMPORTANT IS TO HAVE PRESSURE AND NOZZLES THAT GENERALTE MEDIUM (300-400 MICRONS)
  31. Late-season Palmer control with Liberty as influenced by time of day.
  32. 6.45 am vs 12:30 pm
  33. Making the most of your Liberty
  34. Making the most of your Liberty
  35. 32 oz/A Gly 4 fb 29 oz/A Ignite on 12" Palmer
  36. Controlling Palmer in LL Cotton. 2012.
  37. Georgia growers will not economically survive relying on just herbicides!
  38. Most Palmer amaranth emerges from top inch
  39. Deep Tillage
  40. Palmer requires a significant amount of sunlight to emerge!!
  41. 75 to 95% control in middle
  42. Potential Benefits for Georgia Growers
  43. Potential Challenges for Georgia Growers
  44. field
  45. Palmer amaranth seedbank - it is the key!
  46. Herbicide Resistance: Will You Survive?
  47. PPO Herbicides
  48. Liberty
  49. Future Technology: 2,4-D or Dicamba Resistant Cotton
  50. Liberty + 1.5 pt of 2,4-D
  51. Liberty + Clarity 8 oz
  52. Liberty + HPPD
  53. Controlling Palmer in LL Cotton. 2012.
  54. How do we save Liberty and the family farm????



SLIDE CONTENTS
  1. Diversity and Integration: Keys to Surviving in a Palmer World Stanley Culpepper, University of Georgia, Tifton
  2. Topics of Discussion Changes in cotton production Roundup-based programs Liberty-based programs Integrate the system or grow trees PPO and Liberty sustainability
  3. Total grower (n = 65) acres = 129,615 (12.6% of GA cotton) Total agent county (n = 10) acres = 246,034 (24% of GA cotton) Palmer Changes Agriculture Forever
  4. Agents: Most troublesome weed
  5. Growers: Pre-plant*/PRE herbicides applied Percent (%) of acres treated * * * *
  6. Growers: POST herbicides applied Percent (%) of acres treated * * *
  7. Growers 2000-2005: Herbicide costs = $32.30/A 2006-2010: Herbicide costs = $62.50/A
  8. Photo by A.C. York 2010 2000-2005: 17% of growers hand-weeded 5% cotton acres at $2.40/A 2006-2010: 92% of growers hand-weeded 52% cotton acres at $23.70/A
  9. Growers: Changes in tillage/planting practices from 2000-2005 to 2006-2010
  10. BIOLOGY Integrated to remain sustainable Management programs Diversity and Integration: Keys to Surviving in a Palmer World
  11. RR Reduced Tillage Cotton Systems. 2012. 1. Resistance management; 2) life of residual herbicide on soil; 3) effectiveness on Palmer, 4) Palmer emergence and growth, and 5) cost of product
  12. RR Reduced Tillage Cotton Systems. 2012. APPLY VALOR AND/OR DIREX TO EVERY ACRE; MUST BE PALMER FREE AT PLANTING!!!
  13. Valor applied broadcast followed by strip till.
  14. RR Reduced Tillage Cotton Systems. 2012.
  15. RR Reduced Tillage Cotton Systems. 2012. RU + Staple wins 7 out of 10 times!
  16. RR Reduced Tillage Cotton Systems. 2012. Consider direct spraying Warrant mixture if more than 6 leaf cotton!
  17. Roundup + Warrant applied over AGGRESSIVELY growing LARGE cotton. typical ouch
  18. RR Reduced Tillage Cotton Systems. 2012. No brainer…..Suprend great option as well!
  19. RR Reduced Tillage Cotton Systems. 2012.
  20. RR Reduced Tillage Cotton Systems. 2012. Allows 2 residuals at planting instead of 3 to reduce injury. Perfect timing for thrips application! Allows time for activation before PRE breaks down!
  21. Tillage is now a common scene
  22. RR Conventional Tillage Cotton Systems. 2012. Split Reflex system: 3 types of chemistry
  23. Percent Palmer Amaranth control with Reflex PPI, PRE, or Split Applied at 35 DAT. 2011. 60 D 72 C 81 B Prowl H2O 2 pts/A included with all treatments. 98 A 95 A
  24. 80 b 92 a 3 c Rototiller Field cultivator Disk Percent Palmer Control with Reflex + Prowl PPI, 2010. TyTy, GA. 38 DAT.
  25. Cotton injury is a big concern for growers!!
  26. Irrigated May 13 Planted May 14 Irrigated May 19 during emergence None Prowl + Reflex PRE Prowl + Reflex PPI - Rototill
  27. Roundup Ready PLUS Cotton Incentive (Up to $22) *Will pay on 2 applications
  28. 37 18 % acres Liberty-based Programs 0 Impact of GR Palmer amaranth on GA.
  29. Making the most of your Liberty! Water volume Spray tip and pressure Time of day you spray Palmer size
  30. MOST IMPORTANT IS TO HAVE PRESSURE AND NOZZLES THAT GENERALTE MEDIUM (300-400 MICRONS)
  31. 99 a 50 b 97 a 6.45 am 8 c Ignite POST 1 (5” Palmer), Ignite POST 2 (18 d later), Diuron + MSMA layby 12 – 1 pm 6:30 – 7:00 pm 12 – 1 am Late-season Palmer control with Liberty as influenced by time of day. Time of Day for Liberty Applications Macon Co. Dryland %
  32. 6.45 am 12:30 pm Ignite POST (5”Palmer), Ignite POST 2 (18 d later), diuron + MSMA layby
  33. Rate Making the most of your Liberty GPA Time Nozzle
  34. Rate Making the most of your Ignite GPA Time Nozzle Biggest pigweed in the field is 3 inches!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
  35. 32 oz/A Gly 4 fb 29 oz/A Ignite on 12” Palmer
  36. Controlling Palmer in LL Cotton. 2012. NO IGNITE AT BURNDOWN OR LAYBY!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
  37. Heavy Residue Deep Turn Hand weed Cultivate Georgia growers will not economically survive relying on just herbicides!!!!
  38. Most Palmer amaranth emerges from top inch
  39. No Deep Tillage Deep Turn No Herbicide Treatment Number of Palmer Amaranth Plants During Early Season. Macon Co., Georgia 2008.*
  40. Palmer requires a significant amount of sunlight to emerge!!
  41. 75 to 95% control in middle
  42. Potential Benefits for Georgia Growers Improved Palmer control Protect herbicide chemistry Labor (compared to tillage) Wind and water erosion Prevents GR horseweed Prevents/Lessons GR ryegrass Moisture conservation Reduce herbicide inputs Higher yields on dryland Protection from EPA Reduces thrips damage
  43. Potential Challenges for Georgia Growers Blowout impacting stand Incorporate herbicides with when strip tilling Spray then roll, roll then spray? Time to get established Increased fertilizer Rubber wheel system Grower comfort
  45. Palmer amaranth seedbank – it is the key! YEAR 1: 5 Palmer females escape Produce 2,000,000 seeds in cotton (50% germ) YEAR 2: Weed program = 99.9% control 1,000 plants per acre left at harvest 400 female plants/A 160,000,000 seeds produced in cotton (50%) YEAR 3: Weed program 99.9% control 80,000 plants per acre left at harvest 32,000 female plants/A = 1.28 X 1010 seed/A
  46. Herbicide Resistance: Will You Survive? If resistance is one in a billion then you only need 918 acres to find that plant. (historically resistance is 1 plant in population of 1-10 million…9.18 acres) 25 plants per square foot emerge = 1,089,000 plants per acre
  47. PPO Herbicides Resistance has already been reported in other areas!!! Amaranthus quitensis 2005 (Bolivia) Common waterhemp 2001 (Kansas) 2002 (Illinois) 2005 (Missouri) 2009 (Iowa) Common ragweed 2005 (Delaware) 2006 (Ohio) Wild poinsettia 2004 (Brazil)
  48. Liberty Abuse of Liberty LL cotton, corn, soybeans PHY WRF cotton may jeopardize future technologies (DHT, Dicamba) Current resistances Italian ryegrass (Oregon) Goosegrass (Malaysia)
  49. Future Technology: 2,4-D or Dicamba Resistant Cotton 2,4-D resistant cotton 2,4-D sensitive cotton
  50. 1.5 pt of 2,4-D Liberty + 1.5 pt of 2,4-D
  51. Clarity 8 oz Liberty + Clarity 8 oz
  52. HPPD Liberty + HPPD
  53. Controlling Palmer in LL Cotton. 2012. NO IGNITE AT BURNDOWN OR LAYBY!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
  54. How do we save Liberty and the family farm???? Significant pressure on Bayer…….prevent known repetitive abusers from being able to purchase Liberty?? Bayer/Monsanto/Dow should unite!!!! Growers/Industry/Distributors/Dealers/Extension unite!! Regulate????